But are circus posters on the endangered list? Click here to read my report on the changing face of circus advertising as Paulos becomes the world's first circus to go completely paperless.
The Ultimate Book for Anyone who Dreamed of Running Away With The Circus. "A brilliant account of a vanishing art form." - Mail on Sunday
In an article that originally appeared in The Stage, Circus Mania author Douglas McPherson asks big top insiders about the changing face of circus advertising.
Posters have been the main form of circus advertising for as long as big tops have travelled the land. In the middle of the last century, brightly painted pictures of snarling lions and ornately made-up clowns whetted appetites for the arrival in town of Billy Smart’s or Chipperfields.
Today, animals have almost completely vanished from British circuses, and clowns have toned down their make-up to nearly nothing. In an increasingly online world, are posters also about to fade into history?
Paulo’s Circus is believed to be the first in the country, and probably the world, to have stopped using posters, along with leaflets and physical tickets, in a drive to go completely paperless.
“Our decision to stop using posters stemmed from a number of reasons. Chief among them, waste,” says showman Kenny Darnell Jr, whose family has been in the circus business for seven generations and traded under the Paulo’s brand for more than 120 years.
“Posters aren’t reusable, they’re wasteful, they make a mess when fly posted and are often slapped onto anything sticky tape will cling to, just so the biller can be rid of them quickly. Personally, I was done with the whole thing.”
Darnell’s memories of billing – as putting up posters is known – are less than happy.
“It was hard work, traipsing around town all day, going shop to shop, asking the same question, ‘Can we pop a poster in your window?’. Rejection was part and parcel of it. Not every shop wants a circus display in their window and then there was the circus politics, other circuses tearing down your posters, and occasionally things getting a bit... physical. Tedious, wasteful and to be honest not a terribly dignified way to advertise.
“I knew there had to be a smarter, more efficient way. Surely circus could tap into this new market online?”
As proof of the power of purely online marketing, Paulo’s in 2024 sold 1000 tickets to a venue Darnell hadn’t even booked – he announced only the county and dates. “And yep, we sold out 14 shows in a row at that venue, two months later. That to me is the power of innovation.”
They need permission from property owners, but that has left some grey areas such as telephone poles where a poster may have served its purpose before the owner of the pole requests its removal.
Empty shops are another popular target. Billers have long perfected ‘door dropping’ by which posters attached to sticky tape are slid over the top of a locked glass door to hang down on the inside.
“I was rather skilled at that,” says Darnell. But in retrospect, he says, “I’d hazard a guess that it’s illegal. It certainly looks dodgy. Not a great look for the circus.”
Postering the wrong places can cause complaints from residents and sometimes leads to prosecution. In 2022, Exchange Events Ltd twice appeared at Liverpool Magistrates Court, fined £1500 and £2000, for illegally promoting Gandey’s circus.
“Fly posting is a serious issue,” says Darnell. “I’d be in favour of stricter penalties, or even a licensing system to regulate poster usage. At least that way there’s accountability and some of the revenue could go towards cleaning up the mess left behind over the years, that many shows, us included at one point, have all contributed to.”
The circus industry's reliance on posters has declined over the past 20 years as online advertising and social media engagement grew.
When Martin Burton founded Zippos Circus 40 years ago, he distributed 5000 - 6000 posters per venue. Today it's around 2500.
Although Burton says he lacks the courage to dispense with posters altogether, he believes they no longer catch the eye on a high street plastered with advertising, and foresees a day when they will disappear completely.
In another break with tradition, Burton has stopped buying local newspaper adverts, having noticed that nobody redeemed the discount codes anymore. Instead, he spends the money – and more – on social media ads, with a full time member of staff dedicated to online marketing.
Another former mainstay of circus advertising that has fallen out of fashion is leaving piles of leaflets, with discount coupons, on the counters of shops and petrol stations.
Since Covid, says Burton, “Nobody would pick them up.”
“From our market research, posters still have a big impact. People still expect to see them,” says artistic director Julia Kirilova. “We are a business which depends a lot on feelings and nostalgia. Everyone knows circus and has a distinct memory of it. Our job is to find a way to make them remember that feeling, whether that is through a short video clip on TikTok or a poster.”
While some big top bosses may welcome a future without the chore of billing, circus historian Dr Steve Ward regards circus posters as an important part of our cultural heritage.
“As a child growing up in the 1950s, circus posters were very much a part of everyday life,” Ward says. “They seemed to be everywhere – shop windows, telegraph poles, walls, fence panels etc. Brightly coloured and often quite garish, they offered entry into another world of excitement, danger, and fun.”
In his book Nineteenth Century Circus Poster Art, Ward recounts how innovations in printing technology during that time saw posters evolve from a list of acts to a fully illustrated art form.
“As the saying goes, a picture paints a thousand words,” says Ward. “The second half of the 19th century could be referred to as the early golden age of the circus with some very fine posters to match.”
Since then, poster art has evolved with the circus itself, from paintings of headline acts in the mid-20th century to photographic images, and the more abstract designs used by some contemporary companies.
“Social media cannot replace the impact of a brightly coloured circus poster that elicits a feeling of childhood nostalgia in many people,” Ward concludes. “For me, circus poster art will continue to adapt to new trends, as it has done so over the last 250 years, but it will survive. It will be a sad day for us all if it does not.”
Salesmen have an old saying: sell the sizzle not the sausage. It’s not the product that people buy, it’s the feeling that the product gives them. The buzz of excitement. The lift out of everyday mundanity.
That goes especially for nonessential buys. And doubly especially in tough times, when nonessentials are the first things people stop buying.
It’s something the circus has always understood, providing affordable glitz and glamour. A cheap night out for all the family, often in areas where other family nights out may be in short supply.
“In a recession,” Zippos founder Martin Burton said in my book Circus Mania, “when more people are holidaying in the UK and not buying that new car, they want to take the kids out for a treat, and a trip to the circus is an inexpensive family treat.”
But that doesn’t mean circuses are guaranteed an audience. Especially in the current economic situation when profits are squeezed between trying to keep prices affordable while costs such as the diesel the shows move and run on are higher than they have ever been.
“I think we’re all surviving,” says Julia Kirilova of Big Kid Circus. “People are cautious about how they spend their money.”
For its 20th anniversary edition, however, Big Kid Circus has cut no corners. With its show Kingdom of Kong, it has done the opposite, sparing no expense to present what I have no doubt is the best-looking circus production to tour the UK for a long time.
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| Photo by Andrew Payne |
At its centre is Kong himself, a specially designed and built 30-foot-tall animatronic ape who emerges snarling and rolling his head from the back of the stage before lifting a contortionist who performs, Fay Wray-style, in the palm of his giant paw.
The solid floor performance area looks more like a jungle clearing than a circus ring, surrounded by giant flora and fauna that also extends up the king poles of the big top.
Atmospheric lighting adds to the jungle atmosphere, as does the costuming, dancing and a soundtrack that mixes new and traditional African sounds into a heart-quickening brew.
Before anyone even does anything, Big Kid is, in short, selling the sizzle more than any other show on the road.
“We don’t just want to offer a traditional circus show,” says Kirilova. “We want to add a storyline, and still be attractive to the kids. We’re not going as far as Cirque du Soleil where nobody knows what world they’re in.”
I would say they have got the balance just right. The storyline about a couple of explorers – the clowns – trying to steal a diamond from an African tribe is pitched at kids level. In the style of a pantomime, perhaps. But no one goes to the circus for Chekhov (hopefully) and the story does its job in stringing the acts together in an accessible way without boring the adults too much.
But what of the sausage behind the sizzle?
Even Cirque du Soleil, for all its grand presentation, knows that the circus lives and dies on its acts – what Soleil calls its “acrobatic skeleton.”
Here again, Big Kid delivers.
Some expected big top fare – foot juggling, hair hanging, rollerskating, Wheel of Death – is lifted by the African dressing. An aerial straps guy dressed as Tarzan is a perhaps obvious but nonetheless smile-inducing nod to the setting.
But there are some more unusual stand-out acts, too.
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| Photo by Andrew Payne |
A troupe of human tower acrobats are equally good. When a three-man tower falls forward like a toppled tree, it’s a good heart-stopping circus moment, smoothly resolved when the performers land with perfectly performed forward rolls.
Perhaps the most original act is a large troupe mix of basketball and springboard. But strong competition comes from an extremely rubbery 'alien contortionist' who seems capable of bending his joints in ways that should be impossible.
The clowns, meanwhile, deliver a traditional chase through the audience while spraying copious amounts of water from a pressure washer. There’s nothing like a good dousing with water to get an audience squealing and screaming and knowing they’ve had a good time.
The finale is a Globe of Death, but with a difference: it’s the UK’s only all-female team, which was painstakingly assembled by Kirilova with performers from all over the world.
The gender of the motorcyclists may not make much difference as viewed from ringside. And that’s kind of Kirilova’s point. She plans to take the act onto Britain’s Got Talent with a view to normalising the idea of women taking part in a traditionally male-dominated act.
“An all-female globe shouldn’t be a novelty,” she says.
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| Photo: Andrew Payne |
The circus was at the forefront of female empowerment long before feminism was a word. The Victorian circus featured women lifting weights and swinging on the trapeze at a time when their activities were strictly curtailed in other avenues of society.
Big Kid Circus continues that tradition by including the only female Globe of Death rider from Iran.
“I think that’s so symbolic and so special, for a country like Iran where it still has its strict regulations around women and perceptions around how women should be,” says Kirilova. “She’s breaking all sorts of boundaries. Something like this would never be accepted in Iran. They don’t even allow women to perform on stage, never mind something as extreme as that.”
Kingdom of Kong is a show that could run and run. But in the spirit of continually moving forward, Big Kid is retiring the big ape at the end of this season. Next year they’ll be back with the Jurassic Circus featuring giant animatronic dinosaurs.
I can’t wait!
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| The National Circus of Ukraine, Kyiv |

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| Cottle and Austen's Circus posters |
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| Gerry Cottle (Left) with Circus Mania author Douglas McPherson (Centre) and Dr Haze from Circus of Horrors at the launch of Circus Mania |

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| Gerry Cottle, left, with Circus Mania author Douglas McPherson as pictured in The Stage. |
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| One of the posters (also used on the cover) in The Poster of Billy Smarts Circus by Steven B Richley |
There was a time when every circus had a whiteface clown. Now Mr Popol - alias Paul Carpenter - pictured above, standing, with his comic partner, the traditional auguste Kakehole, is the only one left in the UK. Catch the Popolinos in Circus Wonderland, a brand new take on the classic big top, at the Apps Court Farm, Walton-on-Thames from March 18-22, and sample clowning as it used to be. Call the box office for times and tickets: 07531 612240.
What is a whiteface clown? Or an auguste? For more on the history and techniques of clowning, including interviews with some of today's finest performers, read Circus Mania - The Ultimate Book For Anyone Who Dreamed of Running Away with the Circus. Click here to read the 5-star reviews on Amazon.![]() |
| My feature on The Posters of Bertram Mills in The Stage |
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| Roll up, roll up... to Circus Tyanna! |
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| The 2015 Circus Tyanna poster Look out for it in a town near you when their new season starts |
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| The lights are on, the doors are closed and the show has begun... but what lies in wait inside the big top? |